长篇鬼故事 - 那些超大光圈的镜头

那些超大光圈的镜头

本文核心词：镜头,相机,蔡司,胶片

其实不讨论是否有量产，与不限制非要相机不可的话

早在1930年代，Zeiss就已经有R-Biotar F0.85(焦距不明)的镜头

1940年代，Zeiss也有Zeiss UR Objektiv 70/F1.0的镜头

而在那个时代，超大光圈的镜头主要是用来做医疗用，如X光机、显微镜、红外线摄影等等

约莫到了二次战后的1950年代，美苏冷战时期与开始进入太空时代

Zeiss、 Leica、Canon、Nikon等受政府或军方之命

开始研究并量身制作了许多特殊的镜头，这些镜头几乎没有预算限制，只为了最高水准的影像品质

其中有上过三次太空任务的Zeiss 50/ F0.7、Nikon 50/F0.7、Zeiss 50/0.65 for Hasselblad (NASA Special)

因为真的是找不到资料与图片，只能跟大家说，我们课本里自然科学上的那颗地球

就是Zeiss 50/0 .65 for Hasselblad这颗镜头拍摄的啦~

而这些几乎没有量产的特殊定制镜头，没有外型可参考，作品应该也是寥寥可数

不过这些光学成就并没有被掩没，除了Zeiss等这些光学大厂外

有不少厂商也陆续开始少量生产这些超大光圈的镜头

首先介绍的是Zeiss 50 / F0.7

这颗镜头原本是用来给NASA做太空任务使用

但Zeiss后来有极少量的生产了几颗，是那个接环不清楚，但据说有几位摄影家收藏着此镜

而这颗镜头后来有被电影导演史丹利‧库柏力克Stanley Kubrick ( 1928-1999，有多部著名作品如鬼店Shining 等)

用来拍摄电影乱世儿女- Barry Lyndon

再来是这颗Rodenstock Heligon 50mm / f0.75

欧洲光学大厂Rodenstock在1960年代也有生产少量的镜头

其中这颗Heligon 50mm / f0.75算是比较为人所知

从外型来看这颗镜头似乎没办法独立调焦，甚至连光圈都没有

实拍照虽是有的，但大多没有全开光圈(真的不知这些拍摄者是怎么调光圈的)，所以就不放照片了

TV-Nikkor 35mm F0.9

这颗本来是用在电视用摄影 机上的镜头，后来有出了Nikon AIS与Leica L39

但数量都极稀少，实拍照也没找到~

到现在为止，好像我介绍的镜头没一颗是可以买到的，那有没有比较好找，可以买的到的超大光圈镜头呢?

当然有的，说到这，真的不能不感谢一下Canon这厂商啊~

Canon EF 50 / F1.0L Ultrasonic

在Canon刚发表EOS的时候，也发表了这颗目前仍是Canon EOS中光圈最大的镜头

老实说这颗镜头虽然是技术宣示的成份居多

但它用了Canon当时最顶尖的光学技术与最高品质的组装、用料等

直到现在纵使已停产多年，它依然是EOS中最经典的镜头之一

只是它的身价也是很夸张的高，虽然只比50 / f1.2 L大一点点的光圈，但至少比50 / F1.2 L贵上数倍有余

想买的话必须钱不是问题.....且还得有行家肯割爱才行~

不止是EOS，Canon在1966年时便有生产了F0.95的超大光圈镜头

数字好看才是重点，光学表现如何....就不是那么重要了

不过它的传奇性跟经典度还是很高~

说到这，Nikon也有出很多超大光圈的镜头，了现在依然很抢手的58 / F1.2、50 / F1.2等镜头

因为并非难寻与难买(只是价格)的镜头，便不特别介绍啰~

那现在还有那家厂商有在做全新的，可以买到的超大光圈镜头呢?

当然有的，那就是NOCTILUX-M 50 / F0.95 ASPH

这颗2008年发表的镜头是Leica继NOCTILUX-M 50 / F1.0自1975年发售(现已停产)后的最新力作

除了是目前世界上光圈最大的50mm镜头

也应该是现在的所有全新量产镜头中光圈最大的吧~

当然它的价格也是很惊人，发表时的建议售价就已经有8000欧元

且应该可以保证这价格只会越来越高

Leica和Canon都是很喜欢挑战大光圈镜头的厂商

除了50 / F1.0、50 / F0.95，还有21 / F1.4、180 / F2、及照片上头那颗90 F1.0

这90 / F1.0也是找了半天只有找到这种照片.....实拍照我还没找到

像这颗装在Zeiss Ikon Contarex上的Zeiss Super -Q Gigantar 40 / F0.33

没错，它的光圈的确就是f0.33

只能用不可思议来形容，但我找了许多网站与原厂、非原厂的文章

都没有这颗镜头的相关资料，只知道它是约 1960年代生产，在几乎无光的环境下测试

在ISO 100度的底片上可以有1/30秒以上的快门速度

前方高能！！！！！！！！！！！！！！还有以下的大光圈镜头

Some of the fastest camera lenses currently in production as of 2011[update] are as follows:

Cosina Voigtl?nder Nokton 25mm f/0.95 (Micro Four Thirds mount, announced 26/8/2010[3]

Leica Noctilux-M 50 mm f/0.95 ASPH announced on September 15, 2008, it is the fastest aspherical lens to have ever reached mass production, with a MSRP of ￡6290 (aprox $10,000USD).[4]

Noktor 50mm f/0.95 HyperPrime[5] a fast CCTV lens design adapted for the Micro Four Thirds system[6]

The following camera lenses are no longer in production as of 2010[update]:

American Optical 81mm f/0.38

GOI CV 20mm f/0.5 Mirror lens

Signal Corps Engineering 33mm f/0.6

GOI Iskra-3 72mm f/0.65 Mirror lens

Fujinon 125mm f/0.67

Zeiss 50mm f/0.7 Limited production lens built for the NASA space program, used on 35mm movie cameras by Stanley Kubrick for some candlelit scenes in Barry Lyndon[7]

Tokyo Kogaku 50mm f/0.7 (WWII) and Similar 5cm f/0.7 (1951; only three were produced, two of which were used on a South Pole expedition)

Lynxar 60mm f/0.7

Wray 64mm f/0.71

Lomo 60mm f/0.75 35mm photography lens

American Optical 43mm f/0.8

Leica Summar 75mm f/0.85

Leica Leitz 150mm f/0.85

Farrand Super Farron 76mm f/0.87

Farrand Super Farron 150mm f/0.87

Рекорд-4 52mm f0.9

Nikon TV-Nikkor 35mm f/0.9 Fastest Nikon lens ever made

Noktor HyperPrime CINE 50mm f/0.92 T0.95, Fastest cinema lens made for 35mm interchangeable lens camera

Kowa 50mm f/0.95

Canon 50mm f/0.95 Available in TV and Canon 7 Rangefinder Version

Astro Berlin 52mm f/0.95

Perkin Elmer 114mm f/0.95 Military lens for Medium Format photography

Pacific Optical 25mm f/1.0 Medium Format Fish-eye lens. Only 3 were ever made for the Canadian Government for aurora borealis research in the late 60s/early 70s. One of these lenses was used in the production of the IMAX movie Solarmax

Leica Noctilux 50mm f/1.0 Leica M mount, discontinued and replaced 2008 with a new Noctilux, see above

Canon EF 50mm f/1.0 for Canon autofocus SLR, now out of production

Leica ELCAN 90mm f/1.0

Panavision 50mm f/1.0

Nikkor-O 50mm ff/1.0

Kollmorgen 153mm f/1.0

Zeiss UR 250mm f/1.0

Canon 8.5-25.5 mm f/1.0 zoom lens, made 1975-1983 for the 310XL Super 8mm silent and sound camera series, fastest lens ever made in Super8, was originally advertised as facilitating shooting at candlelight in combination with 160-ASA films.[8]

Many very fast lenses exist in C-mount (such as used by CCTVs), including:

Fujinon 50mm f/0.7

Canon TV-16 25mm f/0.78

Apollo 25mm f/0.85

Ernitec 25mm f/0.85

Fujinon 25mm f/0.85

Tarcus 25mm f/0.85

Kern Switar 18mm f/0.9 built for NASA for Apollo Moon landing [9]

Ampex LE610 Television Lens 25mm f/0.95

Angenieux M1 and M2 25mm f/0.95 NASA used the M1 for first high-resolution photographs of the Moon by Ranger 7)

Angenieux 35mm f/0.95

Angenieux 50mm f/0.95

AstroScope 25mm f/0.95

Avenir 25mm f/0.95

Century Nighthawk 25mm f/0.95

Carl Meyer 25mm f/0.95

Cinetar 25mm f/0.95

Goyo Optical 17mm, 25mm, and 50mm f/0.95

JML 25mm and 50mm f/0.95

Navitar 25mm and 50mm f/0.95

Navitron 25mm and 50mm f/0.95

Schneider Kreuznach Xenon 17mm, 25mm, and 50mm f/0.95

Senko 25mm and 50mm f/0.95

Soligor Super Elitar 25mm f/0.95

Som Berthiot Cinor 25mm and 50mm f/0.95

Tarcus I.T.V. Lens 50mm f/0.95

Yakumo 25mm and 50mm f/0.95

Zeika Nominar 25mm f/0.95

Dallmeyer 25mm f/0.99 (1930)

Astro Berlin 25mm f/1.0

Astro Berlin Tachonar 35mm f/1.0

Carl Meyer 38mm f/1.0

RTH (Rank/Taylor Hobson) Monital 130mm f/1.0 made by SOPELEM in France

Very fast lenses in D-mount for 8mm movie use on H8 cameras:

Kern Switar 13mm f/0.9

Cinetor TELE-PHOTO 37.5mm f/1.0

Walz TELEPHOTO 37.5mm f/1.0

Amitar Telephoto 38.1mm f/1.0

Very fast lenses used in x-ray machines:

Zeiss R-Biotar 100mm f/0.73

Lomo 100mm f/0.73

Canon 50mm/65mm f/0.75

Leitz 50mm/65mm f/0.75

Rayxar 50mm/65mm/150mm f/0.75

Tachon Astro-Berlin 65mm f/0.75

Rodenstock XR-Heligon 42mm/50mm f/0.75

Rodenstock XR-Heligon 68mm f/0.95 etc.

Kowa 42mm/65mm f/0.75

Carl Zeiss Jena 50mm f/0.77

Kowa 55mm f/0.8

Zeiss R-Biotar 55mm f/0.85

Lenzar Optics 184.6mm f/0.9 (Photographic lens made by Lenzar Optics Corp., Riviera Beach FL, f0.9-f8)

Kowa 33.5mm f/0.95

Kowa 55mm f/1.0

Rodenstock Heligon 68mm f/1.0

Canon 90mm f/1.0

Fuji 90mm f/1.0

Kowa 90mm f/1.0

Leitz 90mm f/1.0

Mt Prospect 90mm f/1.0

Zeiss R-Biotar 120mm f/1.0

[edit] See alsoTokyo Kogaku 50mm f/0.7 (WWII) and Similar 5cm f/0.7 (1951; only three were produced, two of which were used on the South Pole

Wray 64mm f/0.71

Leica Leitz 75mm f/0.85

Farrand New York Super Farron 76mm f/0.87

Nikon TV-Nikkor 35mm f/0.9 Fastest Nikon lens ever made

Canon 50mm f/0.95 Available in TV and Canon 7 Rangefinder Version

Perkin Elmer 114mm f/0.95 Military lens for Medium Format photography

Leica ELCAN 90mm f/1.0

Leica Noctilux 50mm f/1.0 Leica M mount, discontinued and replaced 2008 with a new Noctilux, see above

Canon EF 50mm f/1.0 for Canon autofocus SLR, now out of production